Terrorism

Throughout human history, there have been many threats to the security of nations. These threats have brought about large-scale losses of life, the destruction of property, widespread illness and injury, the displacement of large numbers of people, and devastating economic loss.
Terrorism is the use of force or violence against persons or property in violation of the criminal laws.
Acts of terrorism include threats of terrorism, assassinations, kidnappings, hijackings, bomb scares and bombings, cyber attacks (computer-based), and the use of chemical, biological, nuclear and radiological weapons.
Terrorists often use threats to:

• Create fear among the public.
• Try to convince citizens that their government is powerless to prevent terrorism.
• Get immediate publicity for their causes.

High-risk targets for acts of terrorism include military and civilian government facilities, international airports, large cities, and high-profile landmarks. Terrorists might also target large public gatherings, water and food supplies, utilities, and corporate centers. Further, terrorists are capable of spreading fear by sending explosives or chemical and biological agents through the mail.
A common suggestion is that there must be something wrong with terrorists. Terrorists must be crazy, or suicidal, or psychopaths without moral feelings or feelings for others. Thirty years ago this suggestion was taken very seriously, but thirty years of research has found psychopathology and personality disorder no more likely among terrorists than among non-terrorists from the same background
No one wakes up one morning and decides that today is the day to become a terrorist. The trajectory by which normal people become capable of doing terrible things is usually gradual, perhaps imperceptible to the individual
In too-simple terms, terrorists kill for the same reasons that groups have killed other groups for centuries. They kill for cause and comrades, that is, with a combination of ideology and intense small-group dynamics. The cause that is worth killing for and even dying for is personal, a view of the world that makes sense of life and death and links the individual to some form of immortality
As far as we know, most terrorists feel that they are doing nothing wrong when they kill and injure people, or damage property. Most seem to share a feature of a psychological condition known as anti-social personality disorder or psychopathic personality disorder, which is an absence of empathy for the suffering of others - they don’t feel other people’s pain. However, they do not appear unstable or mentally ill.
Terrorists, particularly political terrorists, may come from upper rather than lower class backgrounds
Terrorists are often the products of overly permissive, wealthy families with whom they were in conflict, had inconsistent mothering, or were isolated from
For surviving victims themselves, and their friends and families, the reaction to their experiences may be post traumatic stressSome people will need professional help. Others will get by with the support of their families and friends.
Psychologists study terrorism with the aim of identifying those who are or may become terrorists, with a view to aiding in prevention, detection or capture. A better understanding of the circumstances that cause a person to become a terrorist may help us prevent it in the future.
Founded in 1996, the Terrorism Research Center, Inc. (TRC) is an independent institute dedicated to the research of terrorism, information warfare and security, critical infrastructure protection, homeland security, and other issues of low-intensity political violence and gray-area phenomena.
General Safety Guidelines:

• Be aware of your surroundings.
• Move or leave if you feel uncomfortable or if something does not seem right.
• Take precautions when traveling. Be aware of conspicuous or unusual behavior. Do not accept packages from strangers. Do not leave luggage unattended. You should promptly report unusual behavior, suspicious or unattended packages, and strange devices to the police or security personnel.
• Learn where emergency exits are located in buildings you frequent. Plan how to get out in the event of an emergency.
• Be prepared to do without services you normally depend on—electricity, telephone, natural gas, gasoline pumps, cash registers, ATMs, and Internet transactions.
• Work with building owners to ensure the following items are located on each floor of the building:

1. Portable, battery-operated radio and extra batteries.
2. Several flashlights and extra batteries.
3. First aid kit and manual.
4. Hard hats and dust masks.
5. Fluorescent tape to rope off dangerous areas.
   
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   http://www.fema.gov/hazard/terrorism/index.shtm
   http://www.redcross.org/services/disaster/0,1082,0_589_,00.html
   http://www.terrorism.com/
   http://www.guidetopsychology.com/terrorism.htm
   http://www.ssrc.org/sept11/essays/mccauley.htm

http://www.blue-oceans.com/psychology/terror_psych.html#Anchor-Psychopathology-35882

Psychology of Creativity

Creativity is defined as the tendency to generate or recognize ideas, alternatives, or possibilities that may be useful in solving problems, communicating with others, and entertaining ourselves and others.
There are three reasons why people are motivated to be creative. Firstly, they feel need for novel, varied, and complex stimulation . Secondy, they feel need to communicate ideas and values. And thirdly they feel need to solve problems .
There are as many opinions about people‘s creativity as many people and everybody has their own conception about it. Due to fact I‘m one of those who believe that everybody is creative I‘m going to pay attention to this belief. So as i mentioned earlier, it is important to know that we are all naturally creative and we all have something inside of us that is authentically ours, wanting to be expressed.Weather this „something is written, painted, sung,spoken, danced our creativity is one of the most unique and precious aspects of who we are.
There are even several characteristics of creative personaliy:

1. Creative individuals have a great deal of energy, but they are also often quiet and at rest.
   


2. Creative individuals tend to be smart, yet also naive at the same time.
   


3. Creative individuals have a combination of playfulness and discipline, or responsibility and irresponsibility.
   


4. Creative individuals alternate between imagination and fantasy ant one end, and rooted sense of reality at the other.
   


5. Creative people seem to harbor opposite tendencies on the continuum between extroversion and introversion.
   


6. Creative individuals are also remarkable humble and proud at the same time.
   


7. Creative individuals to a certain extent escape rigid gender role stereotyping and have a tendency toward androgyny.
   Generally, creative people are thought to be rebellious and independent.
   


8. Most creative persons are very passionate about their work, yet they can be extremely objective about it as well.
   


9. The openness and sensitivity of creative individuals often exposes them to suffering pain yet also a great deal of enjoyment.

Although I believe that all people are born with different level of creativity, I think that less gifted should try to develop their creativiness. Research suggests many different strategies for increasing creativeness. Each can be implemented in different situations in different ways, sometimes in multiple ways.
I‘m going to mantion two.
First, Positive affirmations. Whatever you tell yourself you are, that’s what you become. If the chatter in your head is constantly saying “you’re not good enough”, “you’re no artist”, “who do you think you are trying to be creative?”, then that’s what you’ll believe.
You can turn this around by replacing these negative thoughts with positive ones that will support and nurture your creativity.Use phrases that are positive, personal and in the present tense.
Second, Gathering evidence. Most of us are very quick to dismiss any creative work we’ve done in the past. How often have you found yourself saying or thinking something like – “oh that wasn’t really creative, I was only playing around. Anyone could do the same.”?
The other common way to dismiss your efforts is to conveniently forget you even created them! To show yourself what you have created, and how creative you actually are, take the time to gather the evidence.
Think of everything you’ve created in the last 6 months, year, 3 years, 5 years. Don’t just pick huge projects, note down anything that’s creative, from cooking a special meal to making a greetings card for a friend.
These are creative activities, so count them all. Creativity is not simply about carving huge sculptures or writing epic novels. Truly creative people create everyday and in everything they do. You’ll soon realise you’re the same.
Anyone can master these creative strategies. They're all that stand between you and the most creative people in history.
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http://www.csun.edu/~vcpsy00h/psy444.htm
http://psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-19960701-000034.html
http://creativejuicesarts.com/
http://enchantedmind.com/
http://ezinearticles.com/?Creative-Self-Belief-Top-Techniques-To-Boost-Your-Creative-Self-Belief-To-New-Levels&id=713561

My Happiness

Happiness is such invisible feeling but it makes all people feel great. Unfortunately, this great feeling is so short: one moment you're like a king of a world, other moment that feeling is gone. So can we really slow down our moments of happiness or just learn how to be happy?
There are as many different opinions as many different people. But I would say YES. If I can make myself happy with little presents or just talking to my friends. I can control these moments.That's like always: if now you feel sad or really bad you shouldn't worry- after a moment you'll be happy and feel great( just like in waving sea).
Of course not everyone feels good just because of talking to friends. Personaly me, communication or visiting friends gives a great pleasure. It's one of the things that make me happy.
Second, I feel really happy when someone does something for me( who doesnt?). For example I won't never forget the birthday that my sister made for me..That moment I felt so happy like none else in the whole world.Also even hug or good word can make my day magic.
On the other hand I'm not so old but sometimes I love to slow down , forget what i must to do ..and just sit down, look through window and let myself to dream a bit about past moments.About great adventures or situations that made me laugh. And when I do so I always feel so happy.
So finally, I always can catch those moments inside of me. So I don't need to learn how to be happy. I can always feel like that..hope you too;)
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Listening To a Podcast

I've listened to two podcasts. They were two parts of one story. Looking through podcast's list I've noticed title :"History's greatest love affairs". So I've chosen story about Napoleon Bonapart and his mistress. And the titles of podcasts were: " Conqueror Part 1" and "Conqueror Part 2".
I'm not sure about the level of English because it wasn't exactly written. But I have no doubts that it was upper- intermediate or advanced.Next thing I noticed was the speaker's accent.On my opinion it was American English. I loved listening to these podcasts because of several reasons.
First of them is that the speaker wasn't speakint too slow or too fast.It was perfect.
Secondly, I loved the way the speaker was speaking. He wasn't speaking boringly. The speach was fluent.As he was reading I could imagine everything he was telling.
And I guess the most important reason I loved doing this task is that I've chosen the most interesting topic for me.Undoubtedly, I wouldn't have had so much fun if I hasn't been able to choose the topic by myself.
I think that these points were the reasons why I didn't have to read the text after listening. And of course these are the reasons why I' d to listen podcasts just two times each.
To sum up, on my opinion such tasks are really useful for students, because we can hear the real English. Also it helps us to prepare for our future English exam.By the way, today I' ve found some new facts about really famous person.
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Stress and Coping

The topic I've chosen is stress and coping. I'm going to mention these tinhgs:

1. what is stress
   
2. situations when we are stressed and grouops of stress
   
3. consequences of stress
   
4. how to deal with stress

Firstly, it is important to know that if we want somethingto control we have to get known to it as much as we can.
Stress is a person's response to events that are threatening or chalenging. Definitly, the description differs a bit depending on where it is used( for example biology, medicine, psychology, everyday life). Due to the fact I'm sutdying psychology I'll try to share the information I've found out on psychological aspects.
So, in psychology stress occur as a tension, annoyance, fear, anxiety, anger or other emotions that we understand as inner discomfort and lost of inner balance.
When people suffer from stress they loose their ability to think logically, attentivness, will, conscious control of behaviour. Due to that people who are stressed start acting weard:they may become slower or opositly - more active.
Strong, long-lasting or chronic, often repeating stress may lead to biological and psychological disorders. But there's no point and use at trying to live the whole life without stress. According to H. Selje( a person who began research of stress) life with no stress is equal to death. Everybody can take some level of stress and feels a necessity to have some.
There are some different groups of situations in which we feel stressed.
To begin time stress- such kind of stress occurs in situations when we' re short in time.
Second, stress of responsibility occurs when we have to make really important decisions or we have to take a risk.
Third, social- psychological stress. Occurs due to communication. For example: because of difference of opinions, bad relationships.
Then inner conflicts' stress. Occurs in situations where are psychological conflicts. For example: conflicts of motivation, different feelins to the same objects.
And the last, physiological stress. Occurs due to discomfort of body.For example: people may be stressed in noisy, too hot places.
Of course there's something that everytime leads us to stress. So circumstances or events that produce threats to our well- being are known as stressors. Obviously, there are several different categories of them. And trhee general classes of them:

1. cataclysmic events. A strong stressors that occur suddenly and typically affect many people at once.
2. personal stressors. Include major life events such as the death of family member that have immediate negative consequences that generally fade wih time.
3. background stress( daily hassles). Everyday annoyences that cause minor irritations and may have long term ill effects if they continue or are compounded by other stressful events.

Furthermore, there are four ways how we react to a stress: psychological, physiological, behavioural and changes in thinking.

1. psychological reactions. In other words emotional- feeling reactions. Are anger, irritation, fear , tension.
2. physiological reactions. We can identify them from frequent blood pulsation, higher level of sweating, tension in muscles, etc.
3. behavioural reactions. People make much more gestures or opositly make no gestures, they may shout or be quiet.
4. changes in thinking. We can not think fluently, can not concentrate on other things, we just have one obsessive thought.

And the consequences of stress. Usually it is difficult to track physiological sings of stress. One of the reasons is that physiological reactions occur automatically inside our body and we can not see them. Second,typically people do not care much about their body. They do not pay attention till something hurts. There's one good expression about consequences of stress: "All illnesses are because of nerves and just a few because of untidyness".
And finally, dealing with stress. There are three major ways to deal with it: executive, rational and relaxation steps.

1. executive way. The best situation to apply in coping with time stress. For example: when you try to plan what to do when. Planing considers on importance of things.
2. rational. When people have inner conflict they are looking for somebody to talk to.
3. relaxation. In this way people deal with stress when they take a walk, listen to music, read a book or does some other things that help them to relax.

To sum up, everybody should know the best ways helping to deal with stress, reduce it. And most important they should not forget to use them when needed.

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•R. Bandzevičienė "Savireguliacija ir streso įveikimas" , Vilnius, 1994.
G. Žukauskas "Psichologinės pareigūnų problemos", Vilnius, 2000.

Language

I’m going to say something about language..Something that we use every day, but I have no doubts,that not many of us have ever become thoughtful about what it really is.
Unfortunately, there are so many scientists interested in what actually language is and as always there are many definitions for language. Therefore, there is no unanimous opinion on what it is. Due to this fact and shortage of time I’ll mention just two of them. So one scientists say that language is system relating symbols to meaning and proving rules for combining and recombining the symbols for communication. Others say: language is the communication of information through symbols arranged according to systematic rules. I guess all of us should pick the most suitable definition for each of us.
Although scientists do not agree on what language is it looks like there are no arguments about what it is made of. I think that trying to understand language is equally important to understand all parts of it. So, the main structure of language is grammar, which deals with tree major components of language: Syntax, Phonology , Semantics. Now I’d like to say something more about these parts.
To begin, grammar. Grammar is a system of rules that determine how our thoughts can be expressed. In other words, it is the study of rules governing the use of language. It is important to know that every language has its own grammar. Even the same language has some different kinds of grammar. For example, the grammar we are learning at school is called prescriptive grammar. It covers how we’re supposed to speak and write by addressing appropriate style and correct sentence formation. The grammar that interests linguists is descriptive grammar, the collection of rules and principles which tell people how to create and understand an almost infinite number of utterances in their own language.
Then there is, syntax. Syntax is the ways in which words and phrases can be combined to form sentences.
Next, phonology- the study of smallest units of speech, called phonemes. Phonemes are divided into vowel phonemes and constant phonemes.
And the last, but not least- semantics. It is the meanings of words and sentences. Semantic rules allow us to use words to convey the subtlest nuances.
Now, when we know what the language is made of we should find out how we do lean it. Or should I say did learn. Even though infants can not speak but still they are communicating to the world. By the age of a month, a child is already distinguishing between similar sounds. Later (at age of 3 month through 1 year) they start babbling, which means making speechlike but meaningless sounds. Allover the world babies babble the same sounds. But luckily in the end of this stage the sounds that babies make begin to resemble the language of their caretakers. Moreover, after age of 1 year, children begin to learn more complicated forms of language. During this period they start using telegraphic speech. That’s sentences in which words not critical to the message are left out. It sounds if they were part of a telegram. As children get older they use less telegraphic speech and produce increasingly complex sentences. This also leads to errors. At age of 3 years children start to apply language rules even when the application results in an error. It is called overgeneralization. Finally by the age of 5 years children have acquired the basic rules of language.
Anyone can learn a new language. People who can use two languages well are bilingual. Children especially can learn to be bilingual, because they remember new information faster than adults. They can learn two languages at home, at school, or in the community. Some people learn both languages very well. But sometimes, they know one language better than the other. The language bilingual people know better is called the dominant language. Over time the dominant language may change, especially if it isn’t used regularly. Speaking two languages is like any other skill. To do it well, we need lots of practice.
There are many different advices how to become a bilingual. One way is to use two languages from the start. For example, one parent uses one language while the other parent uses another language.
Another is to use only one language at home. Children can learn the second language when they start school.
And the last I’m going to mention is to try to hear and practice using both languages in everyday situations as much as possible.
Furthermore, there are many resources you can use to become a bilingual. First, you can read in both languages. You can find the books you need at bookstores, at libraries, and on the Internet. Tapes and CDs in other languages can help too. Singing is a great way to start learning a second language, and it can be lots of fun! Moreover, children's programs are available in many languages. These programs often teach children about numbers, letters, colors, and basic vocabulary. So you can begin from easy things. You can also learn to be bilingual at language camps or in bilingual education programs. These give you the chance to use two languages with others.
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Literature:
Linda L. Davidoff ‘Introduction to psychology’, 1987
J. Lapė, G. Navikas ‘Psichologijos įvadas’, 2003
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
http://www.asha.org/public/speech/development/Bilingual-Children.htm

Laughter

Every day you can hear saying:"laughter is a good thing", " laughter is the best medicine", and many other similar phrases..But do we actually know what laughter is and what it is good for??:0 So let's find out that now! ;>
As usually..Firstly the definition. Laughter is an expession or appearance of merriment or amusement.I guess it's important to know that laughter is the physiological response to humor. In other words laughter is not the same as humor(!).
As you probably noticed every people laughs in his/her own way. Due to this fact many researchers try to devide lauhgter in some groups. For example some researchers say that there are ha-ha,he-he, hi-hi, ho-ho, hu-hu types of laughter. Some of them say that there are such types like: snorting, sniggering, cacling, chuckling, belly-laugh.
Moreover, laughter truely is healthy. It helps you to:

1. reduce sterss


2. lower blood pressure


3. elevate mood


4. boost immune system


5. improve brain functioning

In short, i think that everybody should try to laugh as much as possible, because i don't think that laughing has any negative sides. So, here are some tips how to laugh more:

1. figure out what makes you laugh and do it more often


2. spend as much time as possible with people, that make you laugh


3. be funny every chance you get

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info:

http://www.howstuffworks.com/laughter.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter
http://www.laughteryoga.org/
http://www.personal-development.com/chuck/laughter

And now...laugh!!!

A man was telling his neighbor, "I just bought a new hearing aid. It cost me four thousand dollars, but it's state of the art. It's perfect."
"Really," answered the neighbor. "What kind is it?"
"Twelve thirty."

A drunk was in front of a judge. The judge say,s "You've been brought here for drinking." The drunk says, "Okay, let's get started."

http://www.funny2.com/henny.htm

http://www.helpguide.org/life/jokes.htm

Laziness

Wherever we go, whatever we do we always face the laziness. Due to this I'm really interested in what actually laziness is. That's what I'm going to find out now. :)
Firstly, laziness is the lack of desire to perform work or expend effort. On my opinion, it is important to know that there are different kinds of laziness. Here they are:

1. Physical laziness


2. Emotional laziness


3. Intellectual laziness


4. Pathological laziness


5. Creative laziness


6. Psychological laziness

Since there are many different kinds of laziness there must be even more reasons for it. So, here are some of them:

1. Little interest in what you're doing


2. You do everything too slowly


3. You don't feel excited with what you're doing


4. You have too many breaks

Although sometimes everybody needs to take a rest and to do nothing. Still, we must always understand when time to kill laziness comes...:0 So, here is some advices how to deal with laziness ( because lazy people wouldn't think about them :P ).

1. Realize the potential consequences of your behavior


2. Think about the big goals (that’s what I’ve found online, but personally I think that at first it would be better to do and think about little things, because in this case we could faster take a rest;>


3. Give yourself more to do


4. Take a productive break

Summing up I'd like to copy one motivation that should make you fall to thinking about senselessness of laziness ;) :

I do know that if laziness is the determiner of your behavior, then you're missing out on much of what this beautiful world has to offer. Please take your place in the world and be a positive influence to others. Help to teach others of the beauty of living life and of being active in life, not the boredom and tedium of being lazy.(http://www.livinglifefully.com/laziness.html

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laziness

http://www.livinglifefully.com/laziness.html

http://overcominglaziness.com/

And the last thing to add (some clever thoughts I've found about laziness:D ):

Laziness is nothing more than the habit of resting before you get tired. ~Jules Renard
Tomorrow is the only day in the year that appeals to a lazy man. ~Jimmy Lyons

It's true hard work never killed anybody, but I figure, why take the chance? ~Ronald Reagan

More at: http://www.quotegarden.com/laziness.html

Emotional Intelligence

There are many different kinds of intelligence. For instance, fluid, crystallized, practical, emotional, and some other. Today I'd like to write something about emotional intelligence.
To begin, Emotional Intelligence( shortly EI ) is the set of skills that underline the accurate assessment, evaluation, expression, and regulation of emotions. Due to fact that EI is a quite new area for psychologists, there are many more different and similar definitions for it. Furthermore, the term " Emotional Intelligence" was popularized by Daniel Goleman. Despite the fact, there were several terms before this one. For example, social intelligence.
Moreover, Emotional Intelligence is often measured as an Emotional Intelligence Quotient(EQ).It is is important to measure IQ (intelligence quotient) and EQ separately because the results of tests showed that people with low scores on traditional intelligence can be successful, despite their lack of traditional intelligence. I guess i may be a proof for this statement too. I've done EQ test online. Unfortunately, my score wasn't really high. Despite the fact, i still don't think I'm worse than others. Also i agree with one of my classmates' opinion that scores on such tests also depend on how you're feeling or what you're thinking of when you're doing the test.
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Info:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_intelligence
http://www.queendom.com/tests/access_page/index.htm?idRegTest=1121

conflict psychology

Where ever people gather and interact there will be differences of opinion, conflict, disagreements, disputes and arguments. It's a normal part of human functioning. We all have a tendency to shy away from conflict or view it as a negative process.
Moreover, conflict is described as a state of opposition, disagreement or incompatibility between two or more people or groups of people, which is sometimes characterized by physical violence.
Furthermore, there are many different kinds of conflicts. For instance, intrapersonal, interpersonal, emotional, group, organizational, community, intra-state, international, environmental, ideological, diplomatic, economic, military, religious-based conflicts and many other.
No doubt, there are many reasons that cause a conflict. However, I'd like to mention just two of them. One of the most common causes is competition for limited resources. Also, ineffective communication is a great contribution to conflict too.
Equally important is to know that unsolved conflict can have a number of consequences such as frustration, lack of cooperation, intimidation, lost opportunities, etc.
Despite the fact there are many negative things about conflict, still there are some ways to cope with it. Here's one:

1. Nullify emotion


2. Explore the reasons for the conflict


3. Consider alternatives


4. Agree on most appropriate


5. Implement the chosen one


6. Evaluate solution

In conclusion, it seems as though we are surrounded by violence, angry people and so on..But maybe we could be a little bit more respectful and tolerant for each other.Then perhaps we could help make life a little more harmonious.

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Thanks for help;) :

http://www.dushkin.com/connectext/psy/ch15/conflict.mhtml

http://conflict911.com/cgi-bin/links/jump.cgi?ID=11671

http://conflict911.com/guestconflict/coolconflict.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conflict

summary

Human beings understand the world and things around in many different ways. This difficult process called cognition involves a lot of other processes. For instance, thinking and reasoning, problem solving, language, etc.

Thinking and reasoning
Thinking and reasoning are closely related. Without one there would not be the other. Word thinking does not have a concrete, one meaning definition. People use the word "think" very loosely to cover almost any mental processes at all. However reasoning is described as a process in which people use various decision- making strategies to answer questions accurately.

Problem solving
The other important part of cognition is problem solving which forms parts of thinking. It has been defined as higher-order cognitive process that requires the modulation and control of more routine or fundamental skills. This process begins when faced with problem. In this way people achieve the goal, and work to overcome the obstacles.

Language
Language is a formal system of communication which involves the combination of words and symbols. It includes many rules such as grammar, phonology, semantics, syntax. While growing up children goes through few stages of language. First, babbling- using meaningless sounds. Second, telegraphic speech- words not necessary to message are left out. Last, overgeneralization- applying language rules even when it is not necessary. There are some disorders of understanding language.Receptive- difficulties understating spoken language. Other, expressive- difficulties expressing thoughts verbally.

On the whole, as mentioned before all of these processes involved in cognition and language are closely related. It is useful to know that if one is developed, others will develop automatically too.

fear

fear is a distressing emotion araised by impending pain, danger, evil, act., or by the illusion of such. Nowadays there are lots of reasons that cause fear, for example, terrorism, unfamiliar religion, school safety, child molesters and many other reasons. i think firs of all trying to avoid this unpleasant feeling we should find out as much as possible information about it.
Firstly, the reaction of out body to fear. There are many symthoms of fear that people feel, but increased heart rate, rapid breathing, tenseness or trembling of muscles, increased sweating, and dryness of the moth are the most common. Fear shows itself in a multiplicity of ways. Those who weren't loved will often sabotage their close relationships because of fear of being loved. Those who couldn't ask their parents for love will fear doing so with their parents.
Moreover, fear first appear in human infants at about 7 month of age. Young children generally have more fears than older persons and their fears are experienced more intensely. Within families studies have shown that middle children as a group experience fewer fears than older or younger. Furthermore many people are plugged by chronic and unrealistic fear, including phobias and obsessions, that cause much unnecessary distress and can severely reduce their ability to function normally in society.
Summing up, fear can hold us back from engaging in life. It ca color our view of the world in flashing red lights. Due to this there are many advices to help people suffering from fear. Some suggest turning fear into love. Some suggest facing the fear. Another prescriptions are to act counterphobically, that means doing what one fears.

queue psychology

before starting looking for information for this topic i thought only of one kind of queuing..yes, lines in supermarkets. that's why i was afraid I'll have nothing to write..but as one clever person said:as long you live as much you know:)
i found lots of new kinds of queuing.I've never thought that waiting for bus or meal in a restaurant can be called queuing too.. :/
who knew that there already are some books and theories on queuing..?i didn't. because it never bothered me, or maybe because it has become a part of my life..?anyway I'd love to share some new information i found with you, my dearest readers;)
firstly,(I'm afraid to be called a lire, but...) i found that theory of queuing was published by Agner Krarup Erlang in 1909. due to this I've made my own conclusion that he might be the first psychologist who started research in this area. moreover by 1917 he was studying the "single queue" or "combined queue" system. the "single queue" is a regular queue that we stand in every day in supermarkets(one line one server). and, in my opinion, the better kind of queues is "combined queue". this is more common in banks, post offices. it's when people stand in one queue, but there are few servers. so when you're the first at the line you can go to available server. as the author of the article I've read writes: the great advantage of a combined queue is that you get "social justice" - the first person in is the first person out.
i guess that's a good way to solve queuing problem.i think it should be solved because nowadays more and more people start to complain about queues in their daily life:'(
the second way to deal with the problem is music..it undoubtedly helps me to buy more, so why it can't help while standing in line? the way it helps is that the music usually cheers up. and as many of us know queuing can be irritating.so..music+ irritation= good mood and a flew away time. furthermore, if the person is too busy to queue he/she might be too busy to listen to the radio.so while queuing we can hear some newest songs. the same is with TV commercials and TV sets by the cashiers.
and the last but not least way to solve queuing problem is journals' stands near the cashiers. it's good because while queuing we can look through the newest magazines or even read them for free! on my opinion it's useful for salesmen too, because many of customs often buy the magazine they started reading while queuing:)
summing up, i think that every problem has a solution and it depends on the way we look at it. people should remember that nothing is as bad as sometimes they imagine. we must look at the bright side..even queuing' s. if we think it's pleasant, it'll truly be..:)

My future profession- psychology

Psychology is the most interesting science in the whole world. The most common description for this science is: "psychology is a science about soul". That's why i hope I'll have enough brain cells and will to become a really good psychologist, because i was always interested in what is going on on other people's mind. Yet i don't exactly know what do real psychologists do, but i promise I'll find this out during next three and a half years.

But till the years pass i can fantasy a bit about my future profession( God help me). Sometimes i imagine myself as an usual psychologist( such as in movies): who works in herown office where' s a big, comfortable leather couch and day by day listens to the similar patients' life stories and from time to time says something like: 'Mhm..and what do yuo fell about that?'...Uf..that's too boring..

Next time i catch myself dreaming about myself working at a madhouse as a psychiatrist who is prescribing drugs and who sees lots of people in pain every day..Huh..that's scares me...

Moreover i could be a some kind of psychologist or smth like that who works in prisions(sorry i don't know the real word;>) who wears a suit, brushes hair into a mop and always carries a suitcase and tries to find out weather the prisoners are ready to get out of a prision...Am...i'm speechless..

I could keep dreaming all day long. Unfortunately i get more confused about my future after such fantasies..Undoubtedly, people are always scared by what they don't know...Since I'm just one of them I'm frightened too..by my future profession..BUT thanks God i still have three and a half years left to make my worst dreams to sweetest reality...(to get known to psychology)

thank you for your attention;)

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